The Lancet

Medical Ethical Violations in Gaza

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Articles - The Lancet



Medical ethical violations in Gaza  Correspondence
Colin Greena, , Asad Khanb, Ghada Karmic, Chris Burns-Coxd, Martin Birnstingle, David Halpinf and Derek Summerfieldg
aDepartment of Surgical Research, Northwick Park & St Marks NHS Trust, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
bDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
cInstitute of Arab & Islamic Studies, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
dSouthend Farm, Wootton under Edge, UK
e60 Fitzjohns Avenue, London, UK
fKiln Shotts, Newton Abbot, UK
gInstitute of Psychiatry, London, UK

Available online 20 December 2007.


Physicians for Human Rights Israel (PHRI) has issued an emergency appeal for medical supplies for Gaza1 after the virtual closing of the border by Israel. 44 patients have died since June, 2007, because of denial or delay in access to medical care, and 85 types of medicine defined by WHO as essential are out of stock. The threatened disruption to electricity would cripple the running of hospitals, including haemodialysis machines and ventilators. All these actions are war crimes, and PHRI has been petitioning the Israeli High Court of Justice (without success to date).


PHRI is also highlighting the coercion being applied to patients by the Israeli General Security Service to inform on others if they want permission to exit Gaza for medical treatment.

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What is the WMA for? Summerfield Writes

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Health and Human Rights

What is the WMA for? The case of the Israeli Medical Association

Derek Summerfield   

The then Head of Ethics of the Israeli Medical Association (IMA), Eran Dolev, gave an interview on Nov 25, 1999, to a four-member delegation from the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, London, UK, headed by the director, Helen Bamber. During the interview, Dolev stated that “a couple of broken fingers” during the interrogation of Palestinian men was a price worth paying for information. Imagine if the Head of Ethics of the British Medical Association (BMA) had said this in relation to police or army interrogations in Northern Ireland.

Dolev's admission crystallised a position that campaigners had inferred from the IMA's silence over many years on the use of torture in Israel.1 In 1996, Amnesty International concluded that Israeli doctors working with the security services “form part of a system in which detainees are tortured, ill-treated and humiliated in ways that place prison medical practice in conflict with medical ethics”.2 Amnesty also pointed to Israeli government statements that detainees were “under constant medical supervision”.2 The IMA took no action, though they have elsewhere stated that they would investigate if irregular behaviour by an individual doctor was reported to them. This stance is disingenuous: the problem is not isolated malpractice (and who would report this anyway, since the word of Palestinian detainees is discounted by the IMA who have never responded to local testimonies), but institutionalised practice—as Amnesty has made clear. The IMA have long been impervious to discreet appeals made to them from organisations such as Physicians for Human Rights (USA) and Amnesty.

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What is the WMA for? The Secretary General Replies

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Health and Human Rights     World Medical Association: response to Derek Summerfield


Delon Humana    Secretary General, World Medical Association, PO Box 63, Ferney-Voltaire 01210, France

Available online 30 January 2003.

The WMA, the independent global representative body for physicians, was founded in 1947, just after World War II. A driving force behind its establishment was the fact that physicians could no longer stand to see how systematic torture and brutal killing, especially during wars and often sanctioned by governments, were destroying patients, societies, and indeed, humanity.


It is against this background that we seriously take issue with even the inference in Derek Summerfield's article1 that the WMA is condoning the involvement of physicians in torture. The Declaration of Tokyo2 clearly states the view of the WMA (panel). It is evident that any physician, from any country, being involved in torture in any way, even condoning it in private or public, would be totally unacceptable for the WMA and its members.

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IMA Denies Involvement of Israeli Doctors in Torture

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Articles - The Lancet

Health and Human Rights

Israel Medical Association: response to Derek Summerfield

Yoram Blachar President, Israel Medical Association, RamatGan, Israel 30 January 2003


Article Outline

Derek Summerfield once again has succeeded in imposing his simplistic view of good versus evil on your readership.1 I am genuinely pleased that Summerfield does not live in a country under the constant siege of terror, and thus does not need to grapple with complex ethical issues, but can merely dictate to others his standard of exemplary behaviour.

Torture is abhorrent and the IMA in no way endorses it. The IMA was, and remains, a signatory to the Declaration of Tokyo. Similarly, the Israeli Supreme Court banned the use of physical pressure during interrogations in 1999, and the IMA stands firmly behind the law. Even before this decision, the IMA always unequivocally stated that no doctors should be involved in torture. This last fact leads us to conclude that Summerfield is deliberately blurring the lines between Israeli government policy and the IMA's role in monitoring the conduct of its members.

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'A Couple Of Broken Fingers'

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Health and Human Rights

The Lancet Volume 361, Issue 9355, 1 February 2003, Page 424

What is the WMA for? The case of the Israeli Medical Association

 

Derek Summerfield Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, UK

The then Head of Ethics of the Israeli Medical Association (IMA), Eran Dolev, gave an interview on Nov 25, 1999, to a four-member delegation from the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, London, UK, headed by the director, Helen Bamber. During the interview, Dolev stated that “a couple of broken fingers” during the interrogation of Palestinian men was a price worth paying for information. Imagine if the Head of Ethics of the British Medical Association (BMA) had said this in relation to police or army interrogations in Northern Ireland.

Dolev's admission crystallised a position that campaigners had inferred from the IMA's silence over many years on the use of torture in Israel.1 In 1996, Amnesty International concluded that Israeli doctors working with the security services “form part of a system in which detainees are tortured, ill-treated and humiliated in ways that place prison medical practice in conflict with medical ethics”.2 Amnesty also pointed to Israeli government statements that detainees were “under constant medical supervision”.2 The IMA took no action, though they have elsewhere stated that they would investigate if irregular behaviour by an individual doctor was reported to them. This stance is disingenuous: the problem is not isolated malpractice (and who would report this anyway, since the word of Palestinian detainees is discounted by the IMA who have never responded to local testimonies), but institutionalised practice—as Amnesty has made clear. The IMA have long been impervious to discreet appeals made to them from organisations such as Physicians for Human Rights (USA) and Amnesty.

Read more: 'A Couple Of Broken Fingers'

   

Medical Ethical Violations in Gaza

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Articles - The Lancet

Physicians for Human Rights Israel (PHRI) has issued an emergency appeal for medical supplies for Gaza after the virtual closing of the border by Israel. 44 patients have died since June, 2007, because of denial or delay in access to medical care, and 85 types of medicine defined by WHO as essential are out of stock. The threatened disruption to electricity would cripple the running of hospitals, including haemodialysis machines and ventilators. All these actions are war crimes, and PHRI has been petitioning the Israeli High Court of Justice (without success to date).

PHRI is also highlighting the coercion being applied to patients by the Israeli General Security Service to inform on others if they want permission to exit Gaza for medical treatment.

It is noteworthy that PHRI is speaking out, not the Israeli Medical Association (IMA), which, as the official body, is mandated to challenge breaches of medical ethics. Indeed the IMA also continues to stay silent about the continued use of torture by Israel. A report by the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel,2 carrying detailed testimony of nine Palestinian men tortured between 2004 and 2006, again makes clear how Israeli doctors form an integral part of the running of interrogation units whose output is torture. Doctors, several of whom are named, saw the prisoners at various points before, between, or after episodes of torture (which in one case led to spinal damage and disability), did not take a proper history, made no protest on these men’s behalf, and typically prescribed simple analgesia before returning them to their interrogators. There was also direct involvement in several cases by the Chief Medical Officers of the Israeli Prison Service and Police Service, and by no less than the Chairman of the Ethics Board of the IMA, all named. How long can this grotesque situation continue?
   
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